5 Castles to Visit in Japan
As you travel around Japan, you'll find yourself immersed in the remnants of its feudal history. Exploring the country offers travelers a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience different facets of Japan's past. A visit to at least one castle is often on an itinerary for anyone traveling in or to Japan. With hundreds of castles to choose from, there are only 12 that are original, with their keeps dating back to feudal times. However, even the reconstructed castles across the nation offer invaluable insights into the surrounding areas and feudal Japan.
Having explored many castles (although I haven't checked them all off my list just yet!), I'd like to share five of my favorite castles. I encourage you to visit and enjoy others as well.
1. Matsumoto Castle (松本城)
Situated in Matsumoto, Nagano Prefecture, Matsumoto Castle is one of the original castles and is one of five that are designated as National Treasures. Originally a small fort known as Fukashi Castle, it underwent significant expansion in the late 1500s, including the construction of the impressive five-story keep. Additional buildings were added during the Edo period. Kazumasa Ishikawa and his son played pivotal roles in designing both the castle and the surrounding town.
Over the years, the castle served as the residence of 23 rulers until 1871 when the Meiji government began dismantling the grounds. However, thanks to the efforts of local residents advocating for its preservation, Matsumoto Castle was saved from destruction.
Matsumoto Castle is the most photogenic castle I have visited in Japan. Its distinctive black facade, earning it the nickname "Black Crow (烏城 karasu-jo)," sets it apart from the castles seen throughout the country. Moreover, it is located on flatlands rather than a hilltop or mountain.
Throughout the year, Matsumoto city hosts numerous events within the castle grounds. While the castle town no longer exists, you can still enjoy the expansive park and explore the downtown area. Within walking distance, you'll discover several restaurants, unique shops, and other captivating sights. When visiting Matsumoto, be sure to take full advantage of everything this remarkable city has to offer, and consider exploring other destinations throughout Nagano Prefecture as well.
2. Himeji Castle (姫路城)
Himeji Castle, located in Hyogo Prefecture, claims the title of being the largest and most visited castle in Japan. Perched atop a hill, it is affectionately nicknamed the "White Egret" due to its white exterior. The castle's origins can be traced back to 1333 when it was a small hilltop fort. Over a decade later, Himeyama Castle was erected on the same site.
In 1581, Hideyoshi Toyotomi orchestrated a redesign, resulting in a larger main keep. Following the Battle of Sekigahara, Terumasa Ikeda was rewarded with Himeji Castle by Ieyasu Tokugawa. He completely redesigned and rebuilt the castle from 1601 to 1609. Additional buildings were later added by Tadamasa Honda in 1617 and 1618, expanding the compound even further.
Despite enduring wars, natural disasters, and the wave of castle destruction during the Meiji Era, Himeji Castle proudly stands as one of the 12 original castles and holds a place among Japan's three premier castles. Five of its buildings are designated as National Treasures, and the castle itself is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Notably, Himeji Castle has appeared in many films, including the James Bond movie "You Only Live Twice." Furthermore, the castle carries lore surrounding spirits and yokai, adding mystery to its historical significance.
My visit to Himeji Castle left an impression as one of the most awe-inspiring castles I have visited. While it was not as crowded during the summer, I do not recommend visiting at that time of year. The heat and humidity can be quite intense since you will be walking and climbing many stairs to and in the castle. Fall and spring prove to be the optimal seasons to visit but are also the busiest.
After visiting Himeji Castle, take the time to stroll through the city or consider venturing further into Hyogo Prefecture, exploring destinations like Kobe.
3. Hikone Castle (彦根城)
Nestled in Shiga Prefecture, Hikone Castle is one of the 12 original castles and holds the distinction of being one of the five designated National Treasures. Naomasa Ii, appointed by Ieyasu Tokugawa as a daimyo of the domain, made the decision to relocate his seat of power to the shores of Lake Biwa. This led to the construction of Hikone Castle. Unfortunately, Naomasa Ii succumbed to battle injuries shortly after the construction began. His son, Naokatsu Ii, took charge and oversaw the castle's completion. Since its completion in 1622, Hikone Castle has remained remarkably original, offering visitors a glimpse into the authentic features of feudal castles. While a few buildings were destroyed over time, they have been rebuilt, providing invaluable insights into the true nature of these historical fortifications. The main keep, moats, and many other aspects of Hikone Castle remain original.
When going to Hikone Castle, be prepared for an uphill climb. Both routes leading to the castle on the summit can be steep at times. The stairs in the castle are numerous and steep as well. Hikone Castle, while perhaps not the most photogenic on this list, still presents opportunities for capturing breathtaking shots from various angles. Take the time to leisurely explore the gardens and enjoy the castle town. You'll find an array of souvenir shops and local treats to indulge in. If you're feeling adventurous, consider planning a bike trip around scenic Lake Biwa or explore other cities in Shiga Prefecture.
4. Inuyama Castle (犬山城)
Inuyama Castle in Aichi Prefecture holds a significant place among Japan's 12 original castles and is one of the five National Treasures. Notably, its main keep stands as the oldest of its kind in the country. While its initial construction is believed to have taken place in the late 1500s, renovations continued into the early 1600s. The castle's lands were captured by Nobunaga Oda during his final push to unify the Owari region under his rule. It was his son who played a key role in the design and layout of the castle though. Throughout the Tokugawa Shogunate, the Naruse family governed from Inuyama Castle. However, during the Meiji Era, the castle was seized and faced the threat of demolition. While the surrounding buildings were destroyed, the main keep was spared. It was subsequently returned to the Naruse family and remained under private ownership until 2004, when it was entrusted to a non-profit foundation. Today, the interior of the keep has been preserved to provide visitors with a captivating glimpse into feudal Japan.
The castle town of Inuyama is one of the more captivating ones I have personally visited. While it attracts tourists, it retains an authentic charm and offers several delicious food and beverage options. While in Inuyama, you may also want to venture to nearby attractions such as Monkey Park or Little World amusement park.
5. Okayama Castle (岡山城)
Unlike the other castles on this list, Okayama Castle (located in Okayama Prefecture) is not one of the original castles. The main keep was initially completed in the 16th century but was destroyed during World War II. However, a replica was reconstructed in 1966. It is also known as the "Crow Castle" or “Black Bird Castle” (烏城 u-jo) due to its striking black exterior. This is not to be confused with Matsumoto Castle because the reading of the kanji is different. The castle grounds still retain a few buildings that survived the firebombing raids.
Okayama is a convenient stop when traveling between Osaka and Hiroshima. While it may not be an original castle, the gardens surrounding Okayama Castle are truly remarkable, and the castle museum stands out as one of the better castle museums in Japan.
While these five castles are my personal favorites, I encourage you to explore a diverse range of castles during your travels in Japan. Each castle offers its own unique charm and historical significance. When visiting these areas, take the time to discover local restaurants and attractions. As most of these castles are situated outside major cities, you'll uncover hidden gems off the beaten path.
If you've had the opportunity to visit Japan, I'd love to hear about your favorite castle. And if not, I'm curious to know which castles are on your bucket list.
